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Recent changes in marketing strategies, competition and production environments, and consequent changes in cost structures, have been argued as imposing pressure for change on current cost accounting. Characteristic of the present situation is the serious lack of information concerning the current state of cost accounting practice. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyse the present state, and trends in the development, of cost accounting practices in large and middle-sized Finnish manufacturing units, using a questionnaire survey method. The usable response rate was 44 per cent (135 units). According to the respondents, significant changes have emerged in several areas of their operating environments and strategies during the last few years. Even though these changes have affected a number of cost accounting issues, their most significant effect has been the decrease in the proportion of direct labour costs in unit cost structures. The most important problem areas of...
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The Effect of Interest Rate Changes on the Common Stock Returns of Financial Institutions Abstract This paper examines the relation between the interest rate sensitivity of common stock returns and the maturity composition of the firm's nominal contracts. Using a sample of actively traded commerical banks and stock savings and loan associations, common stock returns are found to be correlated with interest rate changes. The co-movement of stock returns and interest rate changes is positively related to the size of the maturity difference between the firm's nominal assets and liabilities. Causal Relations Among Stock Returns, Interest Rates, Real Activity, and Inflation Abstact Using a multivariate vector-autoregression (VAR) approach, this paper investigates causal relations and dynamic interactions among asset returns, real activity, and inflation in the postwar United States. Major findings are (1) stock returns appear Granger-causally prior and help explain real...
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